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The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed from the Middle Ages into the twentieth century (1000-1946 with the exception of 1918-1920). The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation of the first king Stephen I at Esztergom in about the year 1000;〔Kristó Gyula - Barta János - Gergely Jenő: Magyarország története előidőktől 2000-ig (History of Hungary from the prehistory to 2000), Pannonica Kiadó, Budapest, 2002, ISBN 963-9252-56-5, p. 687, pp. 37, pp. 113 ("Magyarország a 12. század második felére jelentős európai tényezővé, középhatalommá vált."/"By the 12th century Hungary became an important European constituent, became a middle power.", "A Nyugat részévé vált Magyarország.../Hungary became part of the West"), pp. 616–644〕 his family (the Árpád dynasty) led the monarchy for 300 years. By the 12th century, the kingdom became a European middle power within the Western world.〔 Due to the Ottoman occupation of the central and southern territories in the 16th century, the monarchy split into three parts: the Habsburg Royal Hungary, Ottoman Hungary and the semi-independent Principality of Transylvania.〔 The House of Habsburg held the Hungarian throne after the Battle of Mohács until 1918 and also played a key role in the liberation wars against the Ottoman Empire. From 1867, territories connected to the Hungarian crown were incorporated into Austria-Hungary under the name of Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen. The monarchy ended with the deposition of the last king Charles IV in 1918, after which Hungary became a republic. The kingdom was nominally restored during the "Regency" of 1920–1946, ending with the Soviet occupation in 1946.〔 The Kingdom of Hungary was a multiethnic〔(Gerhard Stickel: National, Regional and Minority Languages in Europe )〕 state from its inception〔http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/276730/Hungary#toc34835〕 until the Treaty of Trianon and it covered what is today Hungary, Slovakia, Transylvania and other parts of what is now Romania, Carpathian Ruthenia (now part of Ukraine), Vojvodina (now part of Serbia), Burgenland (now part of Austria), and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders. From 1102 it also included Croatia (except Istria), being in personal union with it, united under the King of Hungary. Today the feast day of the first king Stephen I (20 August) is a national holiday in Hungary, commemorating the foundation of the state (''Foundation Day'').〔(St. Stephen's Day, National Holidays in Hungary (officeholidays.com) (English) )〕 == Names == (詳細はLatin forms ''ラテン語:Regnum Hungariae'' or ''Ungarie'' (''Regnum'' meaning kingdom); ''Regnum Marianum'' (Kingdom of Mary); or simply ''Hungaria'', were the names used in official documents in Latin from the beginning of the kingdom to the 1840s. The German name ''ドイツ語:Königreich Ungarn'' was used officially between from 1784 to 1790〔()〕 and again between 1849 and the 1860s. The Hungarian name (') was used in the 1840s, and then again from the 1860s to 1946. The non-official Hungarian name of the kingdom was ''Magyarország'',〔(Elek Fényes: Magyarország gographiai szótára, Pest, 1851 )〕 which is still the colloquial, and also the official name of Hungary.〔Fundamental Law of Hungary (2012), Wikisource〕 The names in the other native languages of the kingdom were: (ポーランド語:Królestwo Węgier), (ルーマニア語、モルドバ語():Regatul Ungariei), (セルビア語:Kraljevina Ugarska), (クロアチア語:Kraljevina Ugarska), (スロベニア語:Kraljevina Ogrska), (スロバキア語:Uhorské kráľovstvo), and Italian (for the city of Fiume), ''Regno d'Ungheria''. In Austria-Hungary (1867–1918), the unofficial name ''Transleithania'' was sometimes used to denote the regions covered by the Kingdom of Hungary. Officially, the term ''Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen'' was included for the Hungarian part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, although this term was also in use prior to that time. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kingdom of Hungary」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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